As ICG-based SWIR molecular imaging probes, we synthesized ICG–antibody conjugates, which are prepared from human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR14 or HER2 (ref. 15)), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs),16 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).17 EGFR and HER2 are transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors that are overexpressed on the surface of most cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and cancer.