Thus by testing individuals diagnosed with diabetes before 12 months for the INS gene, one would expect to pick up >80% of cases caused by pathogenic dominant variants in this gene (15) We therefore recommend that the INS gene should be screened in all children diagnosed with diabetes in the first year of life and not just before the age of 6 months, as well as those at an older age with features of monogenic diabetes including absent autoantibodies, in keeping with the ISPAD guidelines (45). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.