INS and liver dysplastic nodule: In addition, STZ-induced diabetes is characterized by ROS damage to pancreatic beta cells, leading to insufficient insulin synthesis, which contributes to the development and progression of diabetes and its complications such as DN.32,33 Many studies have reported that the C57BL/6J strain is an effective model to study the absence of glomerular mesangial expansion in the kidney tissue of diabetic mice, and it was observed that PAS-positive staining of kidneys is significantly increased.34,35