In total, 45% of cases were associated with the loss of both p16INK4a and p14ARF, and 85% of the PVL lesions were detected to be p53 positive, though no association between p53 and INK4a/ARF in the PVL tissues were detected (Kresty et al., 2008). The gene discussed is CDKN2A; the disease is periventricular leukomalacia.