TNF and Cowden disease: In particular, biological therapies, which include anti-TNFα antibodies (e.g., infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab), anti-integrin antibodies (e.g., vedolizumab and natalizumab), anti-IL-12/23 antibodies (e.g., ustekinumab), and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, have been shown to be highly effective in many patients with CD.