Hyperglycaemic condition induces exosomes release in GDM pregnancy and interestingly these exosomes promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ from endothelial cells, thus contributing to the pathological inflammation in GDM (Salomon et al., 2016). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is gestational diabetes.