ALDH2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Elevated oxidative stress products (such as MDA), secondary to ALDH2 loss, not only mediate mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to mtDNA damage and contributing to cellular senescence and aging-associated phenotypes (Gosselin et al., 2009) but also promote cancer development through damaged mtDNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (Seo et al., 2019).