In addition to human studies supporting improvements in cognition, ashwagandha ameliorated cognitive deficits in aged transgenic mice with amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PSEN1) variants known to be associated with dementia and other animal models (Kuboyama et al., 2005; Sehgal et al., 2012). The gene discussed is PSEN1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.