A recent study showed that when the gut microbiota from AD patients were transplanted into Alzheimer’s mice, the recipient mice showed more severe cognitive impairment, activated intestinal NLRP3 inflammasome, increased levels of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood and activated microglia in the hippocampus, and these effects could be reversed by transplantation of healthy human gut microbiota (Shen et al., 2020). Here, NLRP3 is linked to Alzheimer disease.