CDKN2A and Parkinson disease: Compared to control tissue, the SNpc tissue from five postmortem PD patients exhibited a large increase in the levels of p16INK4a and the SASP components MMP-3, IL-6, IL-1α, and IL-8, as well as reduced nuclear level of lamin B1 (Freund et al., 2012; Chinta et al., 2018).