Among in vitro and in vivo models of PD, α-synuclein causes microglia to become rapidly activated, to migrate to the α-synuclein source, and then increases phagocytic and pro-inflammatory activity (Zhang et al., 2005; Su et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2015; Mavroeidi and Xilouri, 2021). The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.