Effect of different R. tinctorum extracts and pioglitazone (10 mg kg−1) on blood glucose level (mM L−1), serum insulin (ng L−1), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum leptin level (ng L−1) in the experimental groups of type II diabetic ratsa. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.