TNF and alkaline phosphatase measurement: TNF, the most important inflammatory mediator, increases the permeability of vascular endothelial cells by activation of neutrophils and lymphocytes, regulates the metabolic activity of organs and promotes the synthesis and release of other cytokines.39 In addition, other inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1β are closely related to histrionic necrosis, blood flow congestion and multi-organ dysfunction.40,41 As demonstrated, high levels of the above inflammatory factors in AP model cells could be significantly decreased by treating with PTEN.