Although PTL is mainly studied in cancer treatment (20, 21), current studies showed that PTL can affect Th17/Treg immune balance by regulating the metabolism of gut microbiota (22), alleviate peritoneal fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β/Smad pathway (23), inhibit the initiation of experimental autoimmune neuritis, and alleviate collagen-induced arthritis. This evidence concerns the gene PNLIP and cancer.