In the cell supernatants from PBMCs derived from both healthy controls as well as NSCLC patients, we observed an induction of IL-9 under conditions inducing IL-9 (TGF-beta+IL-4) as well as under immunosuppressive conditions (TGF-beta+ low IL-2) (Figure 2F). Moreover, we could detect induced CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells both in Treg and IL-9 inducing conditions in PBMCs from both healthy control subjects and from NSCLC patients (Figures 2G, H). Thereby the NSCLC group showed an enhanced induction of Treg frequency. Here, IL4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.