Here, we further dissected the molecular mechanism and found that RWF extract suppressed the viabilities of BPH epithelial and stromal cells in a concentration-dependent manner, through the induction of PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling axis of ER stress that triggers autophagic apoptosis (Fig. 7). Here, DDIT3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.