To test whether IGFBP5 labeling appears in plaque-associated dystrophic neurites in the hippocampus of AD cases, we performed double immunohistochemical staining for IGFBP5 and ubiquitin on hippocampal sections of control and AD cases, since ubiquitin is known to co-localize with neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and neuropil threads in Alzheimer brain [60]. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP5 and Alzheimer disease.