AFP and neoplasm: We found significant differences between the risk score and the following clinical features (Fig. 5 A–F): histological grade (G1&2 vs. G3&G4, P < 0.001), T stage (T1&T2 vs. T3&T4, P < 0.01), residual tumour (R0 vs. R1&R2, P < 0.01), pathologic stage (stage 1 & stage 2 vs. stage 3&stage 4, P < 0.01), vascular invasion (no vs. yes, P < 0.05) and AFP (≤400 vs. > 400, P < 0.05).