Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that BRAFi create a pro-inflammatory TIME by increasing the abundance and activity of cytotoxic CD8+ and helper CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (Cooper et al., 2014; Erkes et al., 2020; Ho et al., 2014), increasing infiltration and proliferation of natural killer cells (Ferrari de Andrade et al., 2014; Frazao et al., 2017), and reducing the relative accumulation of regulatory T-cells (Ho et al., 2014; Steinberg et al., 2014). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.