Considering the K490A mutation has no effect on canonical autophagy or autophagosome formation (Fletcher et al., 2018; Rai et al., 2019; Fig. 6 e), these data strongly suggest that Salmonella infection also induces a non-canonical autophagy response, which is disrupted by SopF targeting of the V-ATPase–ATG16L1 axis. Here, ATG16L1 is linked to Salmonella Infections.