CD4 and lupus nephritis: Although CXCR3 escape has not yet been convincingly demonstrated in human T cells, CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE exhibit female-biased overexpression of CXCR3 (Hewagama et al., 2013), and CXCR3+ CD4+ T cells are enriched in the urine and inflamed kidneys of patients with active lupus nephritis (Enghard et al., 2009).