CD4 and HIV-1 infection: HIV-1 DNA levels in PBMC of acute, chronic, and suppressed HIV-1 infection tend to be lower, generally ~102 to 103 copies per 106 PBMC, or at most 1% of memory CD4 T cells in acute and chronic untreated infection, and 1 to 10−1 copies per 106 PBMC in cART-treated patients (67, 68).