GDF15 and diabetes mellitus: Consequently, GDF15 expression is upregulated in chronic inflammatory diseases (Moon et al., 2020), cardiovascular disease (Adela & Banerjee, 2015; Wang et al., 2021), non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (Li et al., 2018) and diabetes (Adela & Banerjee, 2015; Hung et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021).