In conclusion, infection of porcine blood ex vivo with S. suis wt and 10ΔdltA indicates that d-alanylation of LTAs results in increased secretion of IL-1β, while the level of alanylation of purified LTAs, used for ex vivo stimulation of porcine blood, did not influence the amount of secreted IL-1β. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.