Treatment with SCTR antagonists has been demonstrated to produce similar changes in mouse models of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) by reducing TGF-β1 mediated activation of hepatic stellate cells, suggesting that secretin/SCTR has an important role in regulating DR driven liver fibrosis in cholangiopathies23–25. Here, TGFB1 is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.