This and further mechanisms result in the release of multiple inflammatory cytokines from reactive astrocytes, including IL1β, IL6, IL8, IFNα, or TNFα, which then drive the survival and colonization of cancer cells, as well as chemo‐resistance through calcium sequestration (Lin et al, 2010; Kim et al, 2011; Xing et al, 2013; Chen et al, 2016, 2018; Valiente et al, 2018). Here, TNF is linked to cancer.