In human cancers, the expression level and cellular function of HMGCS2 are controversial depending on tissue types; increased expression of HMGCS2 has been observed in breast and prostate cancers, whereas diminished expression has been shown in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and CRC [36]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGCS2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.