These support the effector memory origin of these cells.134,158,181 These findings are consistent with the fact that stem cell-like or memory-like intratumoral CD8+ T cells are crucial for effective tumor immunology218 and immunotherapy.219 In response to ICB treatment, while maintaining self-renewal, stem cell-like CD8+ T cells differentiate to yield enough cytotoxic cells with negative TCF1 and high inhibitory checkpoint expression. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.