Because the three genes, GBP5, DUSP3, and KLF2, are associated with macrophage regulation and other immune pathways [44–46], this gene set may detect a high-risk systemic immune status, provoked by genital or gastrointestinal infection or altered microbiome composition, which could also be differentially associated with LTBI status. Here, GBP5 is linked to digestive system infectious disorder.