Then Bottini et al. reported that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PTPN22, encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (also known as lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, LYP), a suppressor of T-cell activation, was also associated with T1D (odds ratio >1.5) (Bottini et al., 2004). The gene discussed is PTPN22; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.