While this study did not uncover a role for the γδ TCR or IL-17A in protection against primary foodborne Lm infection, we have previously demonstrated in young adults that Lm-elicited memory Vγ4 T cells provide protection to subsequent infections [15, 16] and that memory Vγ4 T cell population is composed of cells that are broadly reactive to diverse enteric pathogens [23]. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is infection.