INS and diabetes mellitus: Comorbidities that were present in a higher proportion of patients with discordant ASA class compared to those with concordant ASA class include a history of ischemic heart disease (14.1% vs. 8%, p < 0.0001), cerebrovascular accident (4.8% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.0001) and congestive heart failure (3% vs. 2%, p < 0.0001) and the presence of diabetes mellitus on insulin (4.8% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.0001).