In the ileal network, JAK2 and CREB1, as well as SMAD2, SMAD3 and ERK2 (MAPK1) seem to play a central role in the intracellular PPI signalling driven by viral miRNAs and viral proteins, respectively, and JAK2 and both SMAD2 and SMAD3 were also upregulated upon infection (Supplementary Fig. 4). Here, SMAD3 is linked to infection.