Dependence of these parameters on gene activity/dosage was previously established in Fmr1 (the Drosophila model of Fragile X Syndrome) [59] and other Drosophila models of neurodevelopmental or neurological disorders, including Prosap/SHANK mutants (modelling Phelan-McDermid Syndrome caused by mutations in SHANK3, characterized by ID and ASD), Neuroligin 4 (ID and ASD caused by mutations in NLGN4), VAP33 (model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis caused by mutations in VAP-33A) and highwire (potential therapeutical target in traumatic brain injury) [63–66]. The gene discussed is VAPA; the disease is fragile X syndrome.