TNF and neoplasm: Tumor cells are able to produce and secrete the various chemical factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), angiopoietins (Ang), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) into tumor microenvironments [2].