Therefore, given the wide-range of insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR levels in the non-NAFLD group, we stratified the non-NAFLD group into i) Non-NAFLD without IR (n = 7), and ii) Non-NAFLD with IR (n = 8) to explore the effects of IR and NAFLD on miRNA expression pattern in the circulation. Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.