,4 However, homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for G1 and G2 variants of the APOL1 gene on human chromosome 22, which are exclusively found in people of recent African ancestry, in whom they confer protection against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (G1 variant) and Trypanosomabrucei rhodesiense (G2 variant) infections, have been identified as a potent risk factor for nondiabetic CKD.5, 6, 7 The prevalence of APOL1 variants varies widely by African geographic region. The gene discussed is APOL1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.