GAL and hepatocellular carcinoma: Liu et al. developed a novel multifunctional nanostructure GAL-GNR-siGPC-3, which uses galactose (GAL) as the targeting part of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gold nanorods (GNR) as the framework to destroy tumor cells under laser irradiation, and the siRNA of Glypican-3 (siGPC-3) which induces specific GPC-3 gene silencing in HCC (Liu Y. et al., 2021).