Abbreviations: AT-MSCs: adipose-tissue mesenchymal stem cells; BM-MSCs: bone-marrow MSCs; DMBA: 7,12-dimethylbenzathracene; DOX: doxorubicin; EVs: extracellular vesicles; GRP78: glucose-regulated protein 78; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; LNA: locked nucleic acid; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MUC1: mucin 1 cell surface-associated; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; OPMD: oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; TRAIL: tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Here, MUC1 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.