TNF antagonist and thiopurine combination therapy is associated with a significantly increased odds of hospitalization and/or death (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.26–2.62) but not severe COVID-19 (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 0.87–3.10) (Ungaro et al., 2022, Ungaro et al., 2021b). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and COVID-19.