VEGFA and diabetes mellitus: The activation of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS), NADPH oxidase, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) leads to the generation of ROS in DM (F. He et al., 2021; Yao et al., 2021).