The release of 18 cytokines, namely, TNFα, IFNα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL6, migration inhibitory factor (MIF), CCL2, CCL3, CCL8, CCL20, CCL23, CCL26, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CXCL16, and CX3CL1, was enhanced in the N-SREBP exogenous expression group (Figure 4G), among which most had been reported to be elevated in HFRS patients (Mantula et al., 2018; Resman Rus et al., 2018). Here, CXCL13 is linked to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.