Moreover, increased expression of interferon-related genes (e.g., CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL10, ID O 1, IRF1, STAT1 and others) was associated with benefit from anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy in melanoma patients (Ji et al., 2012; Gide et al., 2019). Here, CTLA4 is linked to melanoma.