Positive associations have been reported between maternal proinflammatory molecules [(IL)-1a, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma (IFN-g), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCF), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and increased likelihood of autism and schizophrenia. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is autism.