Of 140 patients in this cohort, 91.4% were men, 70% had distant metastasis, 92.9% with squamous carcinoma, 67.1% had smoking history, 92.9% with ECOG PS of 0–1, and 21.4% were postoperative recurrence; most patients (82.9%) received ICI combination therapy, including 75% with chemotherapy and 7.9% with target vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF) therapy. Here, VEGFA is linked to squamous cell carcinoma.