Therefore, we proposed that ta-VNS might improve the inflammatory environment of the white matter by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways, thus affecting endothelial cell function and promoting neurovascular unit (NVU) regeneration in the white matter and promoting swallowing function recovery after ischemic stroke. Here, TLR4 is linked to ischemic stroke.