NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease: (2018) have summarized that miRNAs mainly regulate autophagy via three ways in IBD: (1) miRNAs target autophagy-related genes, such as ATG5, ATG16L1, ATG9A, NOD2, and IRGM, and thereby modulate intestinal epithelial function; (2) miRNAs regulate the unfolded protein response (UPR) during endoplasmic reticulum stress to involve autophagy; (3) miRNAs can regulate autophagy via controlling NF-κB and mTOR signaling pathways and affecting anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory effects (2).