VCL and cancer: This comprised of epithelial-associated genes (JUP, KRT20, KLK3, CDH1, GRHL2, EPCAM, BMP7, CLDN3, CLDN4, and CLDN7), mesenchymal-associated genes (SNAI1, VIM, NOTCH1, EGFR, FN1, SERPINE1, SNAI2, VCL, IGF1R, RRAS, FOSL1, MSN, NRP1, LAMC2, TNC, EMP3 and INHBA), hypoxia-associated genes (APLN, HIF1A, and BNIP3), cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (CD24 and CD44), hormonal regulation (HR) genes (ESR1, PGR, and TFF1), selected other genes (PPARGC1A, ILK), and housekeeper genes (HKGs; RPL32, GUSB, TBP, OAZ1 and NONO).