The CRC EVs induced secretion of TGF-β1 and expression of αSMA, a hallmark cytoskeletal protein of myofibroblasts, when incubated with primary fibroblasts, and the resulting CAFs enhanced CRC cell proliferation in vitro and CRC in recipient mice where the latter cells were xenografted together with the CAFs (Dai et al., 2018). The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.