Moreover, TGF-β transported by melanoma-derived EVs contributed to the promotion of a suppressive phenotype by antigen-presenting cells (Düchler et al., 2019), while the EVs released by CRC loaded with TGF-β1 induced phenotypic alteration of T to TReg-like cells through activating TGF-β/SMAD and inactivating MAPK signaling (Yamada et al., 2016). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.