TGFB1 and lung carcinoma: Alternatively, TGF-β1 stimulation of human lung adenocarcinoma cells can promote exocytosis of ATP via vesicles, which in turn activates the ionotropic P2X7 receptor that promotes actin remodeling through activation of the Jun N-terminal kinase or Rho kinase leading to increased lung cancer cell migration (Takai et al., 2012).