This was achieved by enhancement of TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) (Table 1) through 1) direct pairing of miR-92 to the 3’ UTR of SMAD7, causing SMAD7 protein suppression and TGF-β pathway de-repression, 2) accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, and 3) upregulation of collagen type I, supporting cancer cell and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) attachment (Hsu et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD7 and cancer.