Therefore, assuming that the role of TGF-β signaling in controlling the content of EVs as previously suggested (Fricke et al., 2019b) can be strengthened, one can consider that EVs carrying molecules linked to TGF-β signaling can provide new mechanisms to understand not only how resistance to treatment rises in tumors, but also how the resistance can spread through tumor cells that exhibit rather heterogeneous phenotypes. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.