For example, EVs from metastatic osteosarcoma cells have been shown to carry elevated levels of a membrane-associated form of TGF-β that interacts with its receptor on the surface of MSCs and “educates” them to produce IL-6 and thus trigger a proinflammatory loop favoring metastatic seed and progression (Baglio et al., 2017). Here, TGFB1 is linked to osteosarcoma.