TNF and neoplasm: In GeneSubgroup3, patients were short of various types of chemokines (such as CCR1) and tumor necrosis factors as well as their superfamily members, which were crucial for attracting immune cells and inducing tumor apoptosis (Supplementary Figures S6B, C) (Cheng and Jack, 2008; Nagarsheth et al., 2017; Dostert et al., 2019).