Especially in cardiomyocyte-specific NLRP3 transgenic mice, the enhanced activity of NLRP3 inflammasomes in atrial cardiomyocytes was accompanied by the increased gene expression of Ryr2 and Kcna5 resulting in ectopic electrical excitation and shortening of the effective refractory period, and might contribute to the development of AF (Yao et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and atrial fibrillation.